我国未成年子女探视权制度研究外文翻译资料

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Marriage and family law in the United States has changed dramatically since the 1990s.The U.S. family court rules for custody and visitation.Provisions for custody and visitation from the United States, we can see that the laws of the United States to protect the rights of the minors more comprehensive, including the main body of visitation itself, including minors minors shall have the right to apply for visit, and the application way can apply to the people who live together, also can be dont get in touch with people who live together.Of course, in the main body of visitation right, parents are supposed to enjoy visitation right, parents have the right to apply for visitation order to obtain visitation right, this right can only be deprived by special provisions of the law.From the relevant provisions of the United States, we can see that in terms of the main body of visitation rights, the United States includes children, which is extremely important for the protection of childrens rights and the healthy development of childrens physical and mental health.Since parental separation or divorce can have a certain impact on children, childrens psychological adaptability after parental separation or divorce depends on the characteristics of the custodian parents and the degree of cooperation of the parents after divorce.From the perspective of U.S. family court rules on custody, custody has been transferred from father to mother over time and has now been transferred to co-arrangements by assessing the predictors of custody and visitation,the results showed that parents emotional instability, antisocial behaviour and low income all reduced their childrens chances of getting custody, including the findings that income predicted whether fathers were recommended as visitation rights and had access to their children.Law on joint custody is not, however, as a function of cooperation after her parents divorced, and give the bone of contention is that the parents emotional stability, anti-social behaviour and a high salary is the appropriate sign parents raising children, visitation and joint custody of deciding whether or not in the best interest of the children.Parents after a separation or divorce, the children of their own safety worry, anger over losing family integrity, concern for parents happiness and lose their parents care and love, these are predictable, divorce increases the risk of minor adaptation, also doubled their risk of serious psychological problems and social problems.In U.S. custody disputes, the purpose of family court is in the family court judge to decide the most likely to reduce the risk of arrangements to provide guidance, for centuries, custody is from my father (the claim child property) into a mother (relevant theory is that in the childs early must establish contact with the mother), at present, the parents joint arrangement increased frequency of joint custody, guardianship can be legitimate, especially for childrens health, education and welfare to make a decision right, or on the body, such as the rights of children and parents live together.Whatever the form of guardianship, the guardianship can be either alone, also can be in common, such as a common legal custody, this means that both parents have equal rights to make big decision for their children, such as a common actual custody, which means that the children to spend a lot of time to live with both parents.Among them, the only legal custody will be major decisions to a parent, and the only actual custody regulations children live with one parent, mainly the country recognized as the best interests of children (BIC) legal standard requires that the judge should consider when awarded custody parents to maximize the interests of children, the legal standard in the best interest of the children can be divided into for the following five factors: child custody to the wishes of the parents; The childs will to a guardian; The interaction and interrelationship between the child and the childs parents, siblings and any other person who may seriously affect the best interests of the child; Adaptation of children to family, school and community; And the physical and mental health of all concerned.In the best interests of children, there is no clear stipulation in the law, in the absence of explicit guidance law, the judge would turn to mental health professionals and custody evaluation, to help identify the best interests of children, by doing so, the family court judge implicitly accepted the child mental health, the first place in the best interest list of values.The resilience of children after parental separation or divorce is significantly affected by the characteristics of their parents and by the level of parental conflict and hostility that persists, especially when parents use their children to express their anger and attack each other in front of their children,as for the characteristics of custodial parents, previous qualitative findings have all involved the influence of parents psychological stability, income level, substance use, moral character and criminal record on children;some quantitative studies were then conducted to re-examine the impact of parental characteristics on custody outcomes, and we found in our survey of mental health professionals that the psychological stability of both parents was one of the most important factors.In practice, when reviewing controversial child custody cases and analyzing predictors of judicial entity custody decisions, they found that predictors of maternal decisions included general impression variables, such as appearance, social skills, social adaptability and maturity,predictors of the fathers decision included his maturity, lack of drug use and stability in his living arrangements. As the fathers share of the couples total income increases, the likelihood that the father will receive some degree of actual custody, whether joint or separate

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