专业认同:本科心理学专业有效的职业探索和入门课程外文翻译资料

 2023-01-12 12:01

专业认同:本科心理学专业有效的职业探索和入门课程

摘要:作者调查了涵盖学术指导和职业规划的本科心理学课程,从专业选择、学士学位的工作机会、申请研究生院和心理学专业相关的客座讲座等方面进行调查,学生完成学习计划,简历和职业探索问卷,他们认为课程和作业被适度高价值化并提出建议课程学习对于心理学专业的发展是需要的。几乎全部的学生(93%)认为参加课程后改变了自己的职业规划或者对自己的规划更有信心,并指出了课程学习的必要性。

关键词:职业规划; 心理学专业; 课程;

很多大学生带着成为正式临床心理学家的心愿报名参加了心理学课程,但研究生院录取率都极具竞争力,只有6%的人申请临床心理学课程被录取(诺克罗斯Sayette,梅恩,KARG,与Turkson,1998年)。因此,心理学专业的学生需要考虑其他的职业道路,为了告知学生职业选择的范围,心理学部门召开了招聘会、心理学俱乐部开设了专门的课程来给学生以指导。(迪林格和兰德隆,2002;Lattal,1980年;萨特菲尔德和艾布拉姆森,1998;Zechmeister&Helkowski,2001)。

课程概述

20多年来,西维吉尼亚大学心理学系要求预心理学专业将信用心理学课程作为一个专业课程,一个班级,大约有120至200个学生,每周相见50分钟。最初该课程旨在通过教育学生关于预心理学专业的毕业要求来促进学生和教员之间的联系。多年来,这门课程已经发展到实现了以下目标:(a)帮助学生决定是否选择该专业;(b)告知学生本科心理学课程情况和致富的机会;(c)向学生介绍和心理相关的职业选择和考研机会;(d)帮助学生获得知识和技能去实现职业目标。每周的讲座内容是“如何选择专业和职业:确定你的技能、价值观和利益”,“我应该学习心理学专业吗?”,“四年计划:心理学专业毕业要求”,“本科学年之最:组织和机会”,“心理学的工作机会和学士学位”,“怎样写一份好简历”,“与心理学相关领域的工作机会:社会工作、法律和医学等”和“怎样申请研究生院”。

演讲提出了PowerPoint幻灯片的应用。(幻灯片的副本可从第一作者那获得)另外除了上述的教员授课讲座,我们也提供客座讲座,让专业人才讲述自己的职业经验,对学生提出建议并且回答学生的问题。我们分配3至4节课供给客座讲座。我们计划每年参加客座讲座的人有不同的与心理学相关的背景。举个例子来说,有一个学期,我们邀请了在精神病院工作的本科学历的治疗师,还有在私人诊所工作的大师水平的临床心理学家,从事疼痛管理的博士学历的临床心理学家和法医鉴定专家等等。

学生被要求参加至少12类会议并完成三个课外作业。第一个作业完成四年计划,包括

完成心理学部门的指导手册,学生的课程计划以满足文学学士或学士科学心理学学位的毕业要求。第二个作业是参与准备一页纸的简历。最后一个作业是完成一篇职业探索的论文,包括研究工作前景、工作活动和教育需求等符合心理学专业本科和研究生水平的相关领域的内容。为完成生涯探索,学生被要求参阅在线版本的职业前景手册。(美国,劳工部劳工统计局)

除了参加讲座,学生还要完成课本阅读(摩根amp; Korschgen,2001)。几个类似的课本也可以(如DeGalan amp;兰伯特,2000;Kudier,2002;兰德隆与戴维斯,2003;斯特恩伯格,1997)。此外还要做50个多项选择题,期末考试是在学期结束的时候进行,考试内容包括讲座和阅读材料等。

方法

参与者

在2003年的春季学期,168名本科生就读心理学专业课程,我们从154名学生那获得数据进行分析,数据分析不包括14名非此专业的人,大部分的学生是女生(62%),36%的学生是新生,40%是大二的,20%是大三还有4%是大四的学生。

课程以通过或者失败为分级基础。高比例(87%)的学生通过课程,分级的基础中所需要的作业和考试的比重占了不少于70%。低于70%的学生会获得一个修改和重新提交的机会。自2003年秋季以来,我们以等级来评价一个学生而不是以通过或者失败作为评价的基础。

材料和过程

在课程的第一个星期,学生要在CT网站上完成一个关于学生兴趣和职业计划的课前调查,在学期的最后一周,再进行调查并根据评价对课程进行反馈。

结果

在学期初,87%的学生是心理学专业,19名学生还没有确定。在学期末,7名没有决定的学生计划去学习心理学专业,4名决定不学习心理学。剩下的8名没有说决定学心理学也没有选其他的专业。

在学期末,学生用五点李克特式量表评价课程(1表示非常低的值,5表示非常高的值)。

模态响应,通过的48%的学生,是适度的高价值(M= 3.76, SD = 0.95)。学生建议部门继续为心理学专业学生提供课程(n=133.86%)。大多数的学生(w=108.70%)觉得工作负载是“恰到好处”,最高评级的演讲是“如何申请研究生院”(M = 3.86,SD = 0.84,mode = 4),紧随其后的是“四年计划”{ M = 3.80,SD = 0.89,mode = 4),“心理学的工作机会和学士学位”(M=3.71,SD=0.82,mode = 4),和“如何写一份好简历”(M=3.71,SD=0.93,mode = 4)。讲座评级最低的是“本科学年之最”(M=3.42,SD=0.74,mode = 3),剩下讲座的评级,从高到低依次是“与心理学相关领域的工作机会”(M=3.69,SD=0.86,mode = 3),“嘉宾讲座”(M= 3.66,SD= 1.03,mode = 4),“心理学本科生的工作机会” (M= 3.49,SD = 0.84,mode =3),“我应该选择心理学吗?”(M= 3.49,SD = 0.78,mode = 3),“怎样选择专业和职业”{M= 3.42,SD = 0.74,mode =3)。因为恶劣的天气“找工作的第一步”的讲座内容没有全部提出所以学生没有对其进行评级。对于要求的作业,学生认为四年计划最有价值(M= 3.98,SD = 0.89,mode = 5),紧随其后的是简历(M= 3.69,,SD = 0.93,mode = 4)和职业探索作业(M =3.18,SD= 1.10, mode = 3)。

有93%学生的职业规划受课程的影响,96名学生(62%)说他们改变了规划,包括17名学生彻底的改变了职业规划。另外,31名学生(20%)报告让他们对自己的规划感觉更有信心了。在学期初,32名学生没有决定是否读研,学期结束未决定的人下降至24名。5名学生在学期初没有计划读研,这个数字在学期末没有改变。

在学期初,105名学生计划在读完本科后立即进入研究生院,25名计划在读研前工作。学期末,计划立即读研的学生人数在完成本科学位后下降至93名,计划工作的学生人数在进入研究生院前增加至40名。

结论

学生评价心理学作为一种适度的高价值的专业课程并建议这一课程要继续提供和开展。在必须做的作业中,学生评价四年计划是最有价值的。我们建议教师提供一个类似定向课程的还包括四年计划的任务来帮助学生制定课程以满足毕业要求。这个任务也为学生以后申报专业和选择老师方面提供了很好的后续建议。

学生们表达了对参加研究生院的强烈兴趣,关于申请研究生院和研究生就业机会的讲座获得高评级。关于申请研究生院和研究生就业机会的讲座能帮助学生在准备考研方面获得一个很好的开始,同时也详细介绍了关于研究生入学的竞争性的现实并提供了可能令人不安的信息和资讯。我们建议有关部门提供后续可选的课程,如研究生院申请课程(Buskist,1999;多德森、查斯顿、与兰德勒姆,1996;拉默斯,2001年)。大约10年前,我们部门成立了申请研究生院的第二方向课程,这个课程在每个秋季学期都有提供,是专门为毕业生而设计的课程,方便学生考研。

如今,为补充教材,我们开发了一个WebCT的课程主页的在线资源和分配指导的链接(科恩、Futoran,、Thornamp; Karraker, 2000),我们在几个学期里进行多网站的试点测试,而且网站上的数据已经发表到别处(Heffner和科恩,2005)。我们建议其他心理学部门也提供这么一个补充网站,让学生能够获得最新的职业信息和就业信息,了解职业的发展现状和就业前景以便自己毕业选择,为自己的未来尽早做好打算和规划。这个网站甚至是完成课程后也可以继续供学生使用,继续更新信息,为学生了解和获取信息提供便利和途径。

外文文献出处:

http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=3amp;sid=8242ca8f-f5a5-4cae-b879-76aa33cb9a8b@sessionmgr4005amp;hid=4207amp;bdata=Jmxhbmc9emgtY24mc2l0ZT1laG9zdC1saXZl

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Psychology as a Profession: An Effective Career Exploration and Orientation Course for Undergraduate Psychology Majors

Michelle Heffner Macera Stanley H. Cohen

ABSTRACT:The authors describe an undergraduate psychology course that covers academic advising and career planning. Lectures included choosing a major, job opportunities with a bachelors degree, applying to graduate school, and guest lectures from professionals in psychology-related careers. Students completed a plan of study, a resume, and a career exploration paper. Students evaluated the course and assignments as being moderately high in value and recommended that the course continue to be required for psychology majors. Nearly all students (93%) either changed their career plans or felt more confident about their plans after taking the course.Recommendations for implementing a similar course are provided.

窗体顶端

Many undergraduates enroll in psychology programs with the aspiration of becoming a licensed clinical psychologist, but graduate school admission rates are extremely competitive and only 6 % of applicants to clinical psychology programs are accepted (Norcross, Sayette, Mayne, Karg, amp; Turkson, 1998). As a result, psychology majors need to consider alternative career paths. To inform students about the range of career options,psychology departments have offered career fairs, psychology clubs, and orientation-to-the-major courses (Dillinger amp; Landrum, 2002; Lattal,

1980; Satterfield amp; Abramson, 1998; Zechmeister amp; Helkowski, 2001).

Course Overview

For more than 20 years, the West Virginia University Psychology Department has required that prepsychology majors pass a one-credit Psychology as a Profession course. The class, with approximately 120 to 200 students, meets once per week for 50 minutes. Originally, the course was intended to facilitate advising meetings between students and faculty members by educating prepsychology majors about departmental graduation requirements. Over the years, the course has evolved to fulfill the following goals: (a) help students decide whether or not to major in psychology,(b) inform students about undergraduate psychology courses and enrichment opportunities, (c) introduce students to psychology-related career options and graduate school opportunities, and (d) help students acquire skills and knowledge to achieve career goals. Weekly lectures were as follows: 'How to Choose a Major and Career: Identify Your Skills, Values, and Interests,' 'Should I Major in Psychology.' 'The Four-Year Plan: Psychology Graduation Requirements,' 'Making the Most of Your Undergraduate Years: Organizations and Opportunities,' 'Job Opportunities With a Bachelors Degree in Psychology,' 'How to Write a Good Resume,' 'First Steps to Finding a Job: Interviewing and Job Searching,' 'Job Opportunities With a Masters or Doctoral Degree in Psychology,' 'Job Opportunities in Psychology-Related Fields: Social Work, Law, Medicine, Etc.,' and 'How to Apply to Graduate School.'

Lectures were presented on PowerPoint slides. (Copies of the slides are available upon request from the first author.) In addition to the faculty-taught lectures described above, we also included guest lectures from professionals who discussed their career experiences, offered advice,and answered students questions. We allotted three or four class meetings for guest lecture presentations. We scheduled guest speakers from a variety of psychology-related backgrounds from year to year. For example,in one semester, we invited a bachelors-level therapist who worked at a mental health clinic, a masters-level clinical psychologist who worked in private practice, a doctoral-level clinical psychologist who specialized in pain management, and a forensic identification expert.

Students were required to attend a minimum of 12 class meetings and complete three out-of-class assignments. The first assignment, the 4-year plan, involved completion of the psychology departments advising booklet, in which the student planned courses to meet graduation requirements for either a Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science psychology degree. The second assignment involved preparation of a one-page resume. The final assignment was a career exploration paper that involved researching job outlook, work activities, education requirements,and so on for a bachelors-level and a graduate-level career in psychology or related fields. To complete the career exploration paper, students were required to refer to the online version of the Occupational Outlook Hand-book (U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, n.d.).

In addition to attending the lectures, students completed textbook readings (Morgan amp; Korschgen, 2001). Several similar textbooks are also available(e.g., DeGalan amp; Lambert, 2000; Kudier, 2002; Landrum amp; Davis, 2003;Sternberg, 1997).A 50-item, multiple-choice final exam covering lecture and reading material was administered at the end of the semester.

Method

Participants

During the spring 2003 semester, 168 undergraduates enrolled in the Psychology as a Profession course. Responses from 154 students were included in the data analysis; the data analysis did not include the responses of 14 students who withdrew from the course. The majority of students were female (62%). Thirty-six percent of the students were freshmen, 40% were sophomores, 20% were juniors, and 4% were seniors.

The course was graded on a pass/fail basis. A high percentage (87%) of the students passed, with grading based on earning at least 70% of the points for all required assignments and exams. Students who earned less than 70% were given an opportunity to revise and resubmit an assignment. Since fall 2003, we now evaluate students on a

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