影响越南青年创业意向的因素外文翻译资料

外文文献：

Factors Affecting Entrepreneurial Intentions among Youths in Vietnam

Abstract

Background

Promoting entrepreneurship among youths is critical to achieve of the goal of the Vietnamese Government as having one million businesses operating effectively until 2020. This requires anunderstand of entrepreneurial intentions in this population, as well as related potential barriers and facilitators. However, evidence about entrepreneurial intentions in Vietnamese youths is limited. This study aims to clarify the factors influencing the entrepreneurial intentions among youths in Vietnam.

Materials and methods

An online survey was conducted in 1600 youths from ten provinces including Hai Duong, Nghe An, Da Nang, Ben Tre, Dong Thap, Binh Dinh, Ho Chi Minh city, Bac Ninh, Ha Noi and Bac Giang. The Theory of Planned Behaviors was applied to build a conceptual framework. Instruments included sociodemographic characteristics, scales to measure entrepreneurial intentions, social norms, attitude towards entrepreneurship, perceived behavioral control, attitudes towards money, desire for success, education about entrepreneurship, experiences with entrepreneurship, business environment, and creativity. Multivariate linear regression was used to identify the connections between entrepreneurial intentions and potential antecedents.

Results

The level of entrepreneurial intentions was medium (Mean= 3.400; SD=0.870). The mean score of “Desire for success and challenge” was the highest at 3.784 (SD=0.695), following by “Entrepreneurship education” at 3.637 (SD=0.801). The lowest score was 3.071 (SD=0.799) in “Perceived Behavioral Control”. Results show that Desire for success and challenge, Attitude toward Entrepreneurship, Perceived Behavioral Control, Experiences with Entrepreneurship, and Creativity were positively correlated with the entrepreneurial intentions among Vietnamese youths. In which, Attitude toward Entrepreneurship had the highest influence (Adjusted Coefficient = 0.293; plt;0.01), following by Desire for Success and Challenge (Adjusted Coefficient = 0.248; plt;0.01) and Perceived Behavioral Control(Adjusted Coefficient = 0.231; plt;0.01).

Conclusion

This study highlighted the medium level of entrepreneurial intentions among Vietnamese youths. Our study highlighted the medium levels of entrepreneurial intentions among Vietnamese youths. Providing innovative educational support and organizing business contests in school, as well as developing youth entrepreneurship-oriented policies that help them to access sufficient resources for starting a business are vital to encourage youthsrsquo; interest in entrepreneurship.

Keywords: Entrepreneurship, intention, youths, Vietnam

1. Introduction

Globally, the promotion of entrepreneurship has a vital role in the development of modern economies and society (Holmgren amp; From, 2005; Ozaralli amp; Rivenburgh, 2016). Entrepreneurship fosters the innovation and techonology progress as well as employment generation, and contributes to the establishment of new market opportunities, which stimulate the growth of economies and national wealth (Holmgren amp; From, 2005). In recent years, many governments in both developed and developing countries have focused policies to facilitate the entrepreneurship in general population, particuparly among youths (DioneoAdetayo, 2006; Holmgren amp; From, 2005; Koe, Sarsquo;ari, Majid, amp; Ismail, 2012; Ozaralli amp; Rivenburgh, 2016; Sharma amp; Madan, 2014). Youth entrepreneurship has been a major concern because it is an important strategy to address the graduatersquo;s employability in each country. Previous literature indicated that entrepreneurship was concerned as a common career choice in students worldwide (Schwarz, Wdowiak, Almer‐ Jarz, amp; Breitenecker, 2009). Facilitating intentions of young people towards entrepreneuship is important to encourage them to become entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs frequently begin with an intention before starting their business(Krueger, Reilly, amp; Carsrud, 2000). Prior evidence found a linkage between personal intentions and business start decision (Ozaralli amp; Rivenburgh, 2016). Moreover, entrepreneurial intentions could be cultivated via appropriate and regular training sessions as well as exposing support policies (Boulton amp; Turner, 2005). However, factors that can influences entrepreneurial intentions vary in different settings due to the differences in individual, social, culture and enviromental perspectives (Dioneo-Adetayo, 2006; Holmgren amp; From, 2005; Koe et al., 2012; Ozaralli amp; Rivenburgh, 2016; Sharma amp; Madan, 2014). Therefore, it is critical to get insights into the antecedents to the entrepreneurial intentions that arespecific for each country.In literature, the Theory of Planned Behaviors (TPB) is commonly used to explain individualsrsquo;entrepreneurial intentions with three factors: attitude toward behaviors, social norm and perceived behavioral control (Dioneo-Adetayo, 2006; Holmgren amp; From, 2005; Koe et al., 2012; Ozaralli amp; Rivenburgh, 2016; Sharma amp; Madan, 2014). First, attitude toward behaviors is defined as 'the extent to which a person has a favorable opinion of entrepreneurship', or in other words, the perception about the advantages and disadvantages of entrepreneurship (A. M. F. do Paccedil;o, Ferreira, Raposo, Rodrigues, amp; Dinis, 2011; Krueger et al., 2000; Tkachev amp; Kolvereid, 1999). Second, the social norm refers to the 'social pressure to perform or not', which is affected by both business culture as well as attitudes of other people such as family, friends, colleges, etc (Kolvereid amp; Isaksen, 2006; Yordanova amp; Tarrazon, 2010). TPB also underlines that behaviors could have more attraction if they have more expectations andpressures. The third is perceived behavioral control, involving the degree to which individuals feel that they have capaci

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