实验在中学物理教学中的有效探讨研究外文翻译资料

 2023-01-12 12:01

实验在中学物理教学中的有效探讨研究

摘要:在新课程改革,为增加在中国的初中物理教学水平的目的,最重要的是要提高物理教学的质量。在本文中,从初中学生的心理特点的角度,笔者主要就如何提高这些学生的知识基础和实验技能的学习,培养他们具有良好的心理素质的同时,全面提升实验素养,最后提出几点在初中物理教学中的改进建议。

关键词:初中,物理实验教学,提高教学水平

观察和实验是研究和学习物理的两种基本方法。为此,从物理教学的内容方面,作者设计了大量的演示实验和学生的分组实验,在物理实验观察的基础上为促进初中学生吸收物理知识为目的。因此,在教学过程中,教师认真做好教材中的每一个演示实验,在指导学生完成各种教材中的分组实验是必要的,然后按照教学要求和学生的知识水平从而开放一批灵活的突出的物理特性的新实验,以推动学生在初中学校通过自己在实验中的观察从而获得新的物理知识。

1、对当前初中物理实验教学现状分析

1.1重视不够的中学物理实验教学

初中物理新教材,这是符合新课程标准下,大幅度提高了物理实验的数量及内容。然而,在这些变化的当中,初中却不增加教学设施的投资力度,实验设备和其他一些时间为物理课程的必要,这引起了,供应无法跟上日益增长的需求情况。更重要的是,在一些学校,在很多老师甚至放弃自己的“阅读”,学生都用“诵读”实验的情况下,出现了机械物理实验的现象;“学生尝试连接的电路中出现的大量错误”是在物理教室中发生的非常频繁。在以下,对南宁初中学校领导的态度,进行了调查,在南宁地区及其反思教师闫静留初中物理实验教学的调查研究,“师夷齐顺和老师魏明,将介绍作者在本文中详细。从表1中可以看出,南宁市初中仍有15%学校领导认为物理实验的过程是不重要的,重要的是初中物理实验教学依然不够完善。因此在初中学校领导和教师加深对物理实验教学的认识是非常必要的,为提供有力的保障目的。同时,从表2中可以得知,在物理实验教学的投入经费远远不够,有15.6%所学校是在物理实验教学中非常严重短缺,和学生仍接受物理实验教学他们只需要倾听而不实际。因此,为了适应新课改的要求,对提高实验室投资的学校,教学设施和实验设备是必要的,并提供参与各种实验的学生有更多的机会。这样,才可以使初中物理实验教学的质量和水平根本上增强。

1.2实验教师水平需要不断提高

教师在物理实验教学中起着非常重要的指导作用。因此,假如物理教师有一个低的实验水平,同时只有很差的实践能力,他们将会给初中的学生带来直接的负面影响,使实验基础较差学生不能完全理解相应的物理知识,有一些教师不知道如何更换熔断器和连接,并建立简单的照明电路。在这种情况下,这些教师陷入一种习惯,他们通常不使用实验。更糟糕的是,老教师不喜欢用自己的双手做某事,而青年教师只是模仿什么旧的做。从这些可以知道,对于学生的实验基本的好转只不过是空谈。此外,一些教师不建立物理实验的正确目标的实验课,同时不能清楚地告诉学生如何观察现象的物理实验现象与规律,如何进行检查和验证实验。作为一个结果,一个实验课中也许只是在一眨眼的功夫,但最后是教育资源的浪费。此外,下课后,学生通过教师的要求只有背诵这些实验现象的结果。因此,在初中学生能够得到在存储层物理知识的理解,而不能发挥到最大的实验教学的重要作用,同时。

2、物理实验教学中的重要性

2.1.实验和理论之间的关系

目前,物理实验是检查和验证的科学理论和假设的正确与否的唯一标准,是一个为人类加深对对自然认识过程,也是最重要的一个强有力的手段来获得新的和第一手科学研究材料。此外,能够通过各种实验得到物理上的精确性和系统性原则。例如,爱迪生,被人们称为为“发明大王”,展示了他的实验,连续二千次以上的研究和制造电灯的过程,其中在超过一千和六百的材料中发现了铂,最后发现,钨灯丝有最好的效果。这充分的表明,物理实验是一种人们在探索自然的秘密和创造新事物的必要途径。

2.2实验在培养大学生实践能力与自主创新能力中扮演重要的角色

在物理实验中,教师给予正确的实验目的和过程,这是必不可少的,并需要引导学生学会观察,用自己的双手做实验,发现在现有知识的基础上领会出新的规则和知识。此外,迅猛发展的现代科学和技术要求学生掌握和发现规律,培养的实验创新和独立精神。只有在观察学生的实践和创新能力,可以提高实验教学,可以有效地促进获得进一步发展;这样物理知识和实验教学可以完美地融合在一起;教学结构可以从水平方向完全发展;最后,实验教学是一种能够实现其作为一个整体的最优功能方法。

3、提高物理实验水平的方法

3.1进入实验室之前认真执行实验室规定,初中必须遵守实验室的规定,以便得到正确的实验结论,一般存在原则,设备,操作步骤,注意事项,并独立设计的数据记录表,因此,有必要认真执行,由学校实验室制定的法规。在这方面,学生必须遵守以下六则规定。

1、禁止参与分组实验没有实验的预览;

2、禁止在任何电源开关或电源短随机;

3、保持安静,禁止制造噪音和随机行走;

4、照顾好设备和挂图和禁止触摸光学镜面如镜头,相机镜头棱镜,幻灯片投影仪、显微镜;5、禁止乱扔垃圾和随地吐痰;

6、禁止移动或改变实验装置不允许教师。

3.2建立合作和探索性物理实验课并加强学生实验兴趣

在初中,为了建立合作和探索性物理实验课,需要物理教师让学生没有任何限制的做出观察,讨论,归纳结论,可以充分发挥和培养学生获取知识的能力。传统的教学过程中,教师通常会以解释和展示教学内容第一,然后再对观察到的实验现象,最后得出结论,让学生重复实验步骤再认真遵守他们所教的东西。作为一个结果,学生失去了他们渴望探索“神秘”的实验研究。因此,学生积极性不高,实验课的成效较差。从这些,可以被人们所认识,要组织学生不仅要与对方合作研究的同时也使得独立的探索与研究。例如,在教训命名为“研究凸透镜成像”,教师为了突出“研究”进行实验,亲自看到学生在教学过程中这是不必要的;但他们可以引导学生进行有计划地自己手中观察实验,并利用硬纸做成一个凸块蜡模型,并利用提问的方法让学生总结的成像特性,通过试验并填写的结果。之后,学生在教师的指导下观察物体的距离的变化规律,成像距离和图像大小在实验过程中,同时又使结论如下所示。

当目标距离的变化,图像的距离和图像大小的同时;当目标距离的两倍焦距大(即实际成像情况下),较大的物体的距离,和较小的图像距离将,图像将也较小。相反,图像变得更大,而图像距离肯定会大为好,与物体的距离肯定要小。目前在初中学生能够独立进行研究的各种物理现象的阶级,他们必将对物理学非常感兴趣,同时他们的好奇心会达到一个完全满意。此外,通过探索的手段对实验进行了总结,并对凸透镜成像规律的特点,将清楚的了解实验的内容和过程,也可以应用于更多的能力和灵活性。因此,在课堂教学中的效率可以在很大程度上提高。

4、结论

从上面的分析,可以发现,物理学是一门实验科学,实验是物理学的基础。所有的概念,规则,和其他物理公式是基于客观的实验。换句话说,物理学的理论不能脱离物理实验的检查和结果验证。作为一个结果,为教师提供有效的指导方法,这是才能积极探索自然同时也可以提高物理教学的整体水平。

工具书类

赖生。新课程标准理念下物理教育改革的探讨。甘南师范学院学报,2006,03。

李德元。初中物理改革的三种方法。青海教育,2008,01。

陈云慧。如何做物理实验教学的新标准下的课程。内蒙古石油化工,2005,10。

兴陶缸。在新课程背景下初中物理实验教学。中国现代教育装备,2009,01。

周剑峰。通过物理实验培养学生创新能力的教学设计。物理老师,2005。

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The effective study in middle school physics experiments

Abstract: In the reform of the new curriculums, for the purpose of increasing the levels of the physics teaching in the junior middle schools in China, the most important thing is to make an enhancement to the qualities of the physics teaching. In this paper, from the perspective of the psychological characteristics of the students in the junior middle schools, the author mainly gives a study on how to improve the knowledge fundamentals and experimental skills of these students, train them to possess a good psychological quality and a comprehensive quality at the same time, and finally puts forward a few of suggestions for the improvement of the physics teaching at the junior middle schools as a whole. ttp://www.xzbu.com/4/view-4804513.htm
Keywords: Physics of Junior Middle Schools, Experiment Teaching, Improving Teaching Levels
Both observation and experiment are two fundamental methods of researching and learning the physics. For this reason, from the aspect of the physics teaching contents, the author designs a large number of the demonstrative experiments and the quantitative student-grouping experiments, for the purpose of promoting the students at the junior middle schools to absorb the knowledge in physics on the basis of observation and experiment. As a result, during the process of teaching, it is necessary for the teachers to seriously do a good job of every demonstrative experiment in the textbooks first so as to instruct the students to complete all kinds of the grouping experiments in the textbooks, and then give prominence to the characteristics of the physics and open up a number of new experiments with flexibility in accordance with the teaching requirements and the knowledge of the students, with a view to driving the students in the junior middle schools to acquire new physics knowledge through their own observations and experiments on the experiments.
1. Analysis on the Current Situation of the Physics Experiment Teaching in Junior Middle Schools
1.1 Insufficient Importance attached by the Schools to the Physics Experiment Teaching
Within the new physics teaching materials of Chinese junior middle schools, which are complied under the new standards for curriculums, the number and contents of the physical experiments are increased to a great extent. However, in face of these changes, the junior middle schools do not enlarge the intensity of the investments on the teaching facilities, experiment equipments and others which are necessary for the physics courses in time, which gives rise to the situation that the supply cannot keep pace with the increasing demand. What is more, in some schools, multiple teachers even abandon themselves to 'reading' the physics experiments and also many students are used to 'reciting' the circumstances of the experiments mechanically; the phenomena that 'the students try to connect the circuits on the exercise books when the teachers are making adjustments to balances' are highly frequent to take place at the physics classrooms. In the following, the attitudes of the leaders of all Nanning Junior High Schools, which were investigated and researched in the 'Survey of Physical Experiment Teaching in Junior High Schools in Nanning District and its Reflection' of teacher Yan Jingliu, teacher Yi Qishun and teacher Wei Jinming, will be introduced by the author in details in this paper.   From the table 1, it can be known by people that there are still 15 percentages of the leaders from the junior middle schools in Nanning city to think the physics experiments are of no importance at the present time, and the importance which is attached by these junior middle schools to the physics experiment teaching is not enough as well. Therefore, it is highly necessary for the leaders and teachers at the junior middle schools to deepen the understanding of the physics experiment teaching, for the purpose of providing powerful guarantees. At the same time, from the table 2, it can be learnt that the funds which are invested by the junior middle schools on the physics experiment teaching are far away from sufficiency, and there are 15.6% schools to be in shortage of the physics experiment teaching very seriously, and the students are still receiving the physics experiment teaching in which they are only necessary to listen but not to do practically. Therefore, in order to adapt to the requirements of the new reform of curriculums, it is necessary for the schools to increase the investments on the laboratories, teaching facilities and experiment equipments, and also provide more opportunities for the students to participate in all kinds of experiments. In this way, the quality and level of the physics experiment teaching in the junior middle schools are able to be enhanced fundamentally.
1.2 Experimental Level of Teachers is Necessary to be improved continuously
The teachers play a highly important guiding function in the physics experiment teaching. Therefore, supposing that the teachers in physics have a low experiment level, and simultaneously are very poor in the practical ability, they will bring a direct negative influence on the students at the junior middle schools, and will make the students get an incomplete understanding of the knowledge in physics and poor in the experiment fundamentals, etc. As the conditions of the physics experiments were rather poor, there were some teachers who did not know how to replace and connect fuses, and establish the simple lighting circuits. Under the circumstances, these teachers fall into a habit that they do not make the experiments usually. Whatrsquo;s worse, the old teachers do not like to do something with their own hands, while the young teachers only imitate what the old ones do. From these, it can be known that it is doubtless for the improvement of the experiment fundamentals of the stude

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