流动人口子女的行为模式和问题：单亲和双亲家庭儿童的交叉分析研究外文翻译资料

Frequency (N=80)

Percentage (%)

Age group (In years)

7– 12

16

20.0

12–16

26

32.5

16–18

38

47.5

Sex

Male

61

76.2

Female

19

23.8

Educational status

Illiterate

21

26.2

Primary

33

41.3

Secondary

18

22.5

Sr. Secondary

08

10.0

Living with

Both parents

40

50.0

Mother

19

23.8

Father

21

26.2

Nature of Parents (N=80)

Single Parents

Both Parents

Age at which started work (in years)

Below 10

05

13

10 – 14

15

15

14 – 18

18

02

Not working

02

10

No. of hours worked per day

Not known

04

05

Less than 4 hours

04

01

4 – 8 hours

03

06

Above 8 hours

27

18

Not applicable

02

10

Wages per day (in Rs.)

Don‟t know

08

00

50 – 100 (pound; 0.5 to pound; 1)

02

02

101 – 150 (pound; 1 to pound; 1.5)

01

02

Above 150 (pound; 1.5)

27

26

Not applicable

02

10

Anti-social behavior

Nature of Parents

Single Parents

Both Parents

Smoking<!--

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外文文献原文

Behaviour Patterns and Problems of Children of Migrant Families: A Cross-analysis study among Children of Single-Parent and Two-Parent Families

Rengasamy Stalin*; Agathumariyan Michael**;

Dr. Murugesan Srinivasan***

*Research Scholar,

Department of Criminology, University of Madras, Chennai, India. **Research Scholar, Department of Criminology, University of Madras, Chennai, India.

***Professor and Head, Department of Criminology, University of Madras,

Chennai, India

DOI NUMBER-10.5958/2249-7315.2015.00233.6.

Abstract

Children of single-parents experience a different range of problems and face several challenges in India. Children of migrant single parent families, are more affected by the socio-economic cultural factors than those who have done so with both. Given this observation, a study has been conducted amongst children of migrant families in the city of Chennai to cross examine the cause and effect for their behavior. The result of the study has clearly confirmed the assumption of a significant difference in the behaviors pattern of the children between these two groups of families.

Keywords: Children; migrant families, victimization, social behaviour; single parent.

____________________________________________________________________________

Introduction

1. Background of the Study

The traditional Indian joint family system, because of its inherent structure, has provided children multiple sets of parents and assorted adult figures, with children being zealously overprotected and sheltered within its safe confines. Later, with the emergence and increasing numbers of nuclear families on the map, children had a limited set of adult models to emulate. An outcome of the current structure is that children develop strong personal bonds with their parents and follow it up with the promise of a greater scope of developing a clear-cut self-identity (Sinha, 1984). However, in the traditional Indian joint family system, parents uphold and strengthen their marital union and exercise joint custody of their children until the said children establish stable, separate lives of their own. The socialization processes of children depend upon the fundamental social institution recognized as “family,” and it is usually the case that the two-parent family has been estimated to offer a better environment for children‟s development than a single-parent one (Winnicott, 1965; Lidz, 1983; Amato amp; Keith, 1991).

Growing up without both parents can negatively impact the well-being of children. When compared to children living with both parents, children of one-parent families were observed to be more vulnerable to deviant behaviours such as smoking, drinking, and drug use (Musick, K. amp; Meier, A., 2009). They were also more prone to various forms of abuse. Altogether, these factors complicate the process of psychological maturation and levels of adjustment of children in single-parent families, in addition to increasing the risk of criminal offences, violent offences and recidivism on their part. (Sauvola, A., 2001).

The impact of the lack of parental contact with children associated with long-term parental absence may differ from the absence of fathers versus mothers - or both - and may depend on the capabilities of substitute caretakers, usually relatives or grandparents (Park, A., Lee, L. amp; De Brauw, A., 2010). Children from single-parent families, more often that not, had more psychiatric or psychosomatic disorders - such as enuresis, neurotic disorders, stuttering and conduct disorders - than other children. Especially, children lacking a father throughout childhood (from birth to 14 years of age) were at high risk of child-psychiatric disorders (Moilanen amp; Rantakallio, 1988).

The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System, conducted a survey in 1988. Cited in Whitehead, B. (2015), the survey found that children in single-parent families are two to three times as likely as children in two-parent families to have emotional and behavioral problems. A survey also revealed that children of single-parent families are more likely to drop out of high school, get pregnant as teenagers, abuse drugs, and be in conflict with the law. Compared with children in two-parent families, children from disrupted families are at a much higher risk for physical or sexual abuse.

The review of literature reveals that migrant families, and their children, live and work in extremely difficult and dangerous conditions. Particularly, the existing literature also established that children of single-parent families experience more problems and challenges than those in two-parent families. Studies also show that children of migrant families are more vulnerable to abuse when they migrate along with a single-parent than when they do with both. Further, they are found unattended at their parents‟ place of work – so they are, in a way, neglected children. Rarely has a study been conducted on the forms of abuse of children of single-parent migrant families; hence the present study hopes to help fill the gap in the existing literature. The outcome of the study would help one understand the forms of abuse suffered by children of single-parent migrant families, and sensitize all stakeholders concerned on the issue of child abuse. Further, awareness could also be created, among these children and their families, about the importance of the two-parent family

system and their own vulnerability to abuse when they live with a single parent. Above all, the findings of the study would help evolve suitable programmes to promote education and other opportunities for such children. Th

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